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Prokaryota

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Topic updated on 10/13/2020 07:03am

Domain Archaea

  • Cellular organization prokaryotic
  • Cell wall component lacks peptidoglycan, contains proteins and polysaccharides.
  • Lipids in cell membrane have branched and chained structure.
  • Not sensitive to antibiotics like streptomycin and chloramphenicol(like eukaryotes)
  • Protein synthesis begins with methionine (like in eukaryotes)
  • Several kinds of RNA polymerase enzymes (like in eukaryotes)
  • Lives in extreme environmental conditions such as volcanic pits, hot springs, salt marshes, deep-sea etc.
  • Eg: Methanococcus, Thermococcus Methanobacterium, Halobacterium

 

Domain Bacteria

  • Cellular organization prokaryotic
  • Cell wall component peptidoglycan
  • Lipids in cell membrane are not branched.
  • Sensitive to antibiotics.
  • Protein synthesis begins with formyl methionine.
  • One kind of RNA polymerase enzyme.
  • Lives in many habitats.
  • Eg: Cyanobacteria, Purple bacteria, Green sulphur bacteria

 

Kingdom Bacteria
  • Prokaryotic organisms
  • Photoautotrophic, Chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic
  • Motile or nonmotile
  • Unicellular or colony forming
  • Cell division is by transverse binary fission
  • Plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic structure
  • The cell walls are composed of Peptidoglycan
  • Ribosomal proteins & RNA Polymerase are different from those of eukaryotes.
  • Examples : Coccus, Bacillus
Kingdom Cyanobacteria
  • Prokaryotic organisms
  • Photosynthetic
  • Most are unicellular.
  • But some are linked to form filaments sheathed in mucous.
  • Photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a , phycocyanin .Blue-green in colour.
  • Some have the ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen
  • Examples : Lyngbya, Anabaena, Nostoc
Properties Bacteria Cyanobacteria
magnitude 0.25μm – 5μm 1μm
Cellular organization Unicellular or colony forming Most are unicellular. But some are linked to form filaments
Nutrition Photoautotrophic, Chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic Photosynthetic
Photosynthesis bacteriochlorophyll chlorophyll a , phycocyanin .Blue-green in colour
Hydrogen donor Always H2S Always H2O
Flagella May bear Flagella Flagella always absent
Special structures mesosome,  Plasmid Heterocyst
Spore endogenous No endogenous spore formation
Asexual reproduction transverse binary fission Fission in Unicellular and Fragmentation in filaments
Sexual reproduction some types of bacteria exchange their genetic information in a process called genetic recombination. (E-coli) No sexual reproduction
Reserve food Glycogen, Volutin cyanophycean
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Members of the Domain Archaea

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