Vascular Plants / Tracheophyta

• Well-developed vascular tissues
• Sporophyte dominant.
• Gametophyte recessive and short-lived. Most of them depend on sporophytes
• Specialized as true leaves, true stem and true root
• Most of them show terrestrial life adaptations
• Vegetative body is highly developed
• Development of tissues which provide mechanical support to the plant (lignified xylem and sclerenchyma)
• Cuticle developed to prevent the parts of the plant from desiccation
• It includes all the phylum included in kingdom Plantae except phylum Bryophyte

Features that could not be seen in all the vascular plants

• Seeds
• Pollen tube
• Heterosporous
• External Water for fertilization
• Terrestrial life adaptions