Phylum Pterophyta

• Terrestrial Life adaptations are found
• Vascular tissues are present
• Sporophytes are dominant
• Both sporophyte and gametophyte are photosynthetic
• Homosporous
• External water is necessary for fertilization
• Seed less plants
• Do   not   bear  flowers
• Known as ferns
• Some of the species grow in fresh water and shady regions
• Gametophyte – bisexual, monocious. Heart shaped. Known as prothallus
• Multi flagellate sperms

Nephrolepis

• Terrestrial plant which is normally grown by human in vases as ornamental plant
• Stem is underground rhizome
• Brown coloured patches are found in the tender leaves
• Leaves are double fronds and tightly curled so that the tendergrowing tip of the frond is protected within a coil
• Sori found in the bottom edge of the leaves and they are covered by Indusium
• Sporangium are found into the sori

Terrestrial life adaptation of Phylum Pterophyta

• Highly developed vegetative body
• Dominant sporophyte
• Developed vascular tissues
• Development of tissues which provide mechanical support to the plant
• Cuticle found
• Well-developed root system
• Development of underground stem and rhizome
• Compound leaves
• Sexual reproductive structures are surrounded by fragile layer of cells