Seed is a structure which consists of embryo, stored food and covered by seed coat to protect itself from mechanical injury, infectious attacks and desiccation

Spermatophyta

• Sporophyte generation dominant and free living
• Gametophyte recessive and short lived. Depends on the sporophyte
• Heterosporous (two types) – micro spore (pollen) and mega spore (embryo sac)
• Different types of leaves (two types) – microsporophyll and megasporophyll
• Development of complex vascular tissues in leaves, stem and root
• External water is not necessary for fertilization (development of the pollen tube)
• Fertilized ovule / mega sporangium become seed
• Produce pollen
• Pollination before fertilization
• Nucleus of male gametes does not swim. Travel through pollen tube
• Two types;
  • Gymnosperms (naked seed)
  • Angiospermophyta

Differences between Gymnosperms and angiospermophyta