{"id":5957,"date":"2020-10-13T11:57:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T06:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/?p=5957"},"modified":"2020-10-13T11:58:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T06:28:06","slug":"the-solid-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/the-solid-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"The solid structures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 A formation where the building units are attached to one another in an orderly pattern can be described as a lattice.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022Presence of a formal pattern and the formation from a repetitive basic unit is a common feature of the lattices.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Various substances with lattice like structures exist in nature.\u00a0Substances with atoms or molecules or ions arranged in orderly lattice patterns exist.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Substances with lattice arrangements can be classified according to their building units as follows. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2022 Homoatomic lattices \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2022 Polar molecular lattices \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2022 Heteroatomic lattices \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2022 Ionic lattices \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2022 Non \u2013 polar molecular lattices<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Bonding formed during the formation of the lattice are different, depending on the nature of the building unit of the lattice substance. The nature of the bonding formed during the formation of the lattice affects the physical properties of the lattice.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Homoatomic lattices <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Diamond and graphite lattices which are formed from homogeneous atoms are examples for homoatomic lattices.<\/p>\n<p>Lattice arrangement of diamond<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/dl.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8240 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/dl.png\" alt=\"dl\" width=\"190\" height=\"178\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lattice arrangement of graphite<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/gr.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8235\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/gr.png\" alt=\"gr\" width=\"209\" height=\"209\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Heteroatomic lattices<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 silicon dioxide which is formed from heterogeneous atoms is an example for heteroatomic lattices.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sio.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8236\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sio.png\" alt=\"sio\" width=\"188\" height=\"157\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Homogeneous and heterogeneous atomic lattices are formed by atoms covalently bonding with one another.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Substances composed of homogeneous and heterogeneous atomic lattices have a high hardness and also higher melting points\/ boiling points because such lattices are formed by strong covalent bonds.\u00a0There is no tendency to go into solution because the covalent bonds present in atomic lattices are very strong.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Electricity is not conducted through atomic lattices as they lack mobile electrons. (Graphite is an exception)<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Non-polar molecular lattice<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Iodine crystals which are formed from non polar iodine molecules are examples for non-polarized molecular lattices.<\/p>\n<p>Lattice arrangement of iodine<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/iod.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8237\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/iod.png\" alt=\"iod\" width=\"144\" height=\"130\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Non polar molecular lattices are built by the bonding of non polar molecules to one another by attractive forces formed between induced dipoles.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the substances with non polar molecular lattices consisting of molecules bonded to one another by weak Van der Waals forces have a low hardness and their melting points\/ boiling points are also low relative to substances formed by other lattices.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the substances formed by non polar molecular lattices dissolve in non polar solvents because they consist of non polar molecules and they do not conduct electricity as they do not possess mobile electrons.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Polar molecular lattice <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Ice which is formed from polar molecules is an example for polar molecular lattice.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ice.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8238\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ice.png\" alt=\"ice\" width=\"195\" height=\"127\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 polar molecular lattices are formed by the bonding together of polar molecules to one another by attractive forces developed between permanent dipoles.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Substances formed by polar molecular lattices show a high tendency to dissolve in polar solvents but do not conduct electricity due to the lack of mobile electrons<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Substances formed by polar molecular lattices consisting of molecules bonded by permanent dipole \u2013 permanent dipole attractive forces (or hydrogen bonds) have a high hardness and also higher melting points \/ boiling points compared to substances formed by non polar molecular lattices.<\/p>\n<p>Ionic lattice \u2022<\/p>\n<p>Sodium chloride which consists of sodium ions and chloride ions is an example for ionic lattice.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ijpg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8239\" src=\"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ijpg.png\" alt=\"ijpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Ionic lattices are formed by the bonding together of ions by strong electrostatic attractions developed between positively charged and negatively charged ions.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Substances formed by ionic lattices bonded by strong electrostatic attractions show higher melting points\/boiling points and also a high hardness.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The substances with ionic lattices show a tendency to dissolve in polar solvents.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The substances consisting of ionic lattices do not conduct electricity in the solid state due to the lack of mobile electrons or mobile ions.\u00a0The substances with ionic lattices conduct electricity in the molten state or in solution because of the presence of mobile ions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 A formation where the building units are attached to one another in an orderly pattern can be described as a lattice. \u2022Presence of a formal pattern and the formation from a repetitive basic unit is a common feature of the lattices. \u2022 Various substances with lattice like structures exist in nature.\u00a0Substances with atoms or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":842,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,1654],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","category-unit-02"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The solid structures - Learning &amp; 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