{"id":5493,"date":"2020-10-13T09:43:28","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T04:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/?p=5493"},"modified":"2020-10-13T09:43:31","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T04:13:31","slug":"elemental-composition-of-living-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/elemental-composition-of-living-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Elemental Composition Of Living Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elemental composition of living matter<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

All living matters are made up of many chemical compounds<\/p>\n

Compounds form by the combination of many elements<\/p>\n

Thus living organisms have chemical nature<\/p>\n

Among the Ninety two naturally occurring elements about 20 \u2013 25% of elements which constitute the living matter and are essential to continue healthy life and reproduce are called Essential elements\u00a0 (<\/strong>In human 25 & in plants 17)<\/p>\n

C, H, N, O, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Cl, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Si, V, I, Cr, Co (general)<\/p>\n

Out of them Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Nitrogen (N) make up 96% of living matter<\/p>\n

Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulphur make up most of the remaining 4% of the mass of the organism<\/p>\n

Based on the natural abundance of the essential elements in the living matter, can be divided into two<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Macro elements<\/li>\n
  2. Trace elements<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Macro Elements<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Essential elements required by an organism in relatively high amount and found 0.01% or more in dry weight<\/p>\n

    Have low molecular weight (40)<\/p>\n

    Found in all elements C, H, N, O, P, S, K, Mg, Ca \u2013 9<\/p>\n

    In addition to above some organisms (human) have Na, Cl, Fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nElement<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n% in animal (human)<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n% in plant\u00a0\u00a0 (Corn)<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nFunction<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    01<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nOxygen<\/td>\n65%<\/td>\n44.4%<\/td>\nMajor component of organic molecules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    02<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nCarbon<\/td>\n18.5%<\/td>\n44%<\/td>\nMajor component of organic molecules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    03<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nHydrogen<\/td>\n9.5%<\/td>\n6.24%<\/td>\nMajor component of organic molecules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nComponent of amino acids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of proteins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of nucleotides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of nucleic acids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of coenzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of enzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of Chlorophyll<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    05<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nPhosphorus<\/td>\n1%<\/td>\n0.2%<\/td>\nComponent of ADP and ATP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of\u00a0 nucleic acids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of phospholipids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Component of several coenzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    06<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nSulphur<\/td>\n0.3%<\/td>\n0.17%<\/td>\nComponents of some amino acids and<\/p>\n

    proteins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Component of coenzyme \u2013 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    07<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nPotassium<\/td>\n0.4%<\/td>\n0.92%<\/td>\nProtein synthesis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Operation of stomata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    08<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nCalcium<\/td>\n1.5%<\/td>\n0.23%<\/td>\nComponent of cell walls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Maintenance of membrane structure and permeability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Activates some enzymes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    09<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\nMagnesium<\/td>\n0.1%<\/td>\n0.18%<\/td>\nComponent of chlorophyll molecule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Activates many enzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Trace Elements<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Essential elements required by an organism in minute quantities and found less than 0.01% in dry weight<\/p>\n

    B, Co, Cu, Cr, F, I, Fe, Mo, Mn, Se, Si, Sn, V, Zn<\/p>\n

    Some elements such as Iron (Fe) are required by all organisms while some are required only by certain species of animals (Iodine \u2013 Vertebrates)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Element<\/strong><\/td>\nFunction<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sodium<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Osmosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ionic balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nervous impulse transmission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extracellular fluid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chlorine<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extracellular fluid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enzyme activator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Osmosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ionic balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Iron<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chlorophyll synthesis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Component of cytochromes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Component of nitrogenase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Component\u00a0 of blood pigments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enzyme activator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Manganese<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Activator of certain enzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Zinc<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Activator of many enzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Activate formation of Chlorophyll<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Boron<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Carbohydrate transport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nucleic acid synthesis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Copper<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Activator or component of certain enzymes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Molybdenum<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nitrogen fixation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nitrate reduction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Elements in human body<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

      \n
    • C, H, O, N \u2013 accounts for 96.3% of the body mass<\/li>\n
    • Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg \u2013 accounts for 3.7% of the body mass<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Element Carbon<\/strong><\/p>\n

      All living substances are made up of carbon<\/p>\n

      Because;<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Small molecule with less atomic weight<\/li>\n
      2. Form strong covalent bonds<\/li>\n
      3. Join with four atoms \/ groups<\/li>\n
      4. Form carbon-carbon bond. Therefore form large compounds<\/li>\n
      5. Form compounds as long ring shaped and chain shaped<\/li>\n
      6. Form large molecules by joining with carbon atoms and as well as many different atoms<\/li>\n
      7. Form carbon-carbon single bond, double bond and triple bond<\/li>\n
      8. Form carbon-hydrogen single bond, carbon-oxygen double bond and carbon-nitrogen triple bond<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Elemental composition of living matter All living matters are made up of many chemical compounds Compounds form by the combination of many elements Thus living organisms have chemical nature Among the Ninety two naturally occurring elements about 20 \u2013 25% of elements which constitute the living matter and are essential to continue healthy life and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":842,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1241],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","category-cellular-basics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nElemental Composition Of Living Matter - Learning & Education Portal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/astan.lk\/al_virtualclassroom\/elemental-composition-of-living-matter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elemental Composition Of Living Matter - 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